What causes the Northern Lights?

The Northern Lights, or aurora borealis, are caused by charged particles from the sun interacting with Earth's magnetic field and atmosphere. These particles, primarily electrons and protons, travel through space in what is known as the solar wind. When they reach Earth, they collide with gas molecules in the upper atmosphere, exciting them and causing them to emit light. The colour of the aurora depends on which gas is involved, oxygen typically produces green or red hues, while nitrogen results in blue or purple tones. This dazzling display is most visible near the poles, where Earth's magnetic field directs the particles.